Averroes whose real name was Muhammed was born in Cordoba in 1126. He was from a famous family with their law knowledge. Because of Aristo expounded his own writings related to Averroes's doctrines, he is known as "eş-şârih (expounded)". Also Averroes who is known as "commentator" in Latin world is named as "Aben Roşd" by Jews in Andalusia. In Latin, he had been commemorated as Averroes or Averroys. (Gauthier, 1948: 1) Averroes learned his reading, writing, grammar and basic religion knowledge from his father accordingly those region and ages tradition. Averroes had taken Law, Maths, Medicine and Philosophy education from the master scholars of that age. He also established an intimate relationship with Ibn Zühr (Avenzoar) and this companionship contributes to his fund of medicine knowledge and successes.Ibn-i Rüşd As from 1169, he had been around the palace and he had started to work as Sevilla kadi and then Cordoba kadi in 1171. He was taken responsibility to correct Arabic translation of Aristo's writings and to translate new texts. Between 1195 and 1198 he was sent to Lucenna as exile. After his death, his prestige was given him back. Averroes who followed Avicenna and Alpharabius was the last delegate of Meşaiyyun movement. In 11th century, Avicenna had been the sleekest commentator and presentator of Aristo's philosophy in East region of Islamic World. However, after a century philosophy had lost favour because of Algazelus's severe criticism in world of Islam. Then at the end of the 12nd century, Aristotelianism and philosophy (this time by purifying from Platonism) had found its supporter in Andalusia. As a matter of fact, Averroes had been known with his glosses which he wrote for Aristoteles's basic books and revealing that there is no opposition between religion and philosophy but also an integrity. Both of them are actually two different wording and apprehension form of a unique fact. Averroes always defends that religious problems could be solved and resynthesize under the light of philosophy against to the opinion that assume philosophy is unnecessary and confine interpretaion of Islam is enough to understand that, Hence accordiing to Averroes, religion is metaphoric expression of philosophical truth. Religious faith is another and generally more understandable shape of reason knowledge. According to Soul Doctrine of Averroes; Averroes brought forward that there is just one universal soul and other souls are its different and various genres. Moreover, this doctrine is made deduction as not only each human soul immortal but also all soul of humanity is immortal.
Writings of Averroes His most important original philosophical work was The Incoherence of the Incoherence (Tahafut al-tahafut), in which he defended Aristotelian philosophy against al-Ghazali's claims in The Incoherence of the Philosophers (Tahafut al-falasifa). Averroes wrote his first book his age of 31 and his books were pressed again and again over 20.000 pages including different subjects, early Islamic philosophy, Islam medicine, , mathematics, astronomy, Arabic grammar, , Sharia (Islamic law), Islamic theology and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). He generally gave Works about slamic Philosophy, medicine and Figh. His 28 writings in 80 were about philosophy, 20 of them were about medicine, 8 on law, 5 on theology and 4 on grammar. He also wrote commentaries on Plato’s The Republic. He wrote also commentaries Aristoteles’s logic, physics and psychology Works. Averroes’s long commentaries contain analysis of Aristo’s;
Posterior Analytics
De Anima
Physics
De Caelo
Metaphysics
The Writings of Averroes are generally depended on huge expressions, interpretations and explanations of Aristo's writings. Therefore, Ibn Rushd was a source of that Aristo phylosophy are known and spreat during Middle Age in the East and West.
Major Works of Averroes;
Faslu'l - Makâl (On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy)
Bidayetû'l-Müctehid ( The Beginning of Expressing Opinion)
Kitâb'u Keşfû'l-Menahicû'l (The Book that Shows the Ways of Evidences)
El Mantıkûl'l Tahlilatûl Saniye (The Logic of Second Analysis)
Ma'badû'y - Tabia (Metaphysic)
The Conflict Between Averroes and Algazel The most important work of Avicenna was Tahafut al-tahafut (The Incoherence of the Incoherence). Moreover This work appears a conflict between Averroes and al-Ghazali. Averroes wrote this original work against Algazel's The Incoherence of the Philosophers. Thetopic of this conflict is Creating of Creator. Averroes’s main criticism of Algazel is that Algazel couldn’t examine Islam phylosophers and censures with prejudice. Also the main criticism of Averroes towards Islam Philosophers is that although they couldn’t understand Aristoteles well, they claim that they are Aristotelian. According to Averroes, in case Aristo was understood well. Actually it is seem that his opinions about theology did not contradicted with Qur-ans. Whereas according to Averroes, Alpharabius and Avicenna had nod understood and analysed Aristoteles better and they falsified Aristo’s opinions in order to connote there is a suitability between his and Qur’an’s opinions.
Eternity Islam Philosophers always acted sensitively while distinguishing these two terms each other and they had claimed that they did not slip any unreligious area via using “eternal” term for God. Furthermore, Averroes was with them in this case because as they said that God is an eternal existance naturally. In short, this eternity intellection is not like Ateists’ one. All of Alagazel’s critics are injudicious.
References:
Büyük Ansiklopedi. (tarih yok). İbn-i Rüşd. Milliyet Gazetesi.
Averroes whose real name was Muhammed was born in Cordoba in 1126. He was from a famous family with their law knowledge. Because of Aristo expounded his own writings related to Averroes's doctrines, he is known as "eş-şârih (expounded)". Also Averroes who is known as "commentator" in Latin world is named as "Aben Roşd" by Jews in Andalusia. In Latin, he had been commemorated as Averroes or Averroys. (Gauthier, 1948: 1)
Averroes learned his reading, writing, grammar and basic religion knowledge from his father accordingly those region and ages tradition. Averroes had taken Law, Maths, Medicine and Philosophy education from the master scholars of that age. He also established an intimate relationship with Ibn Zühr (Avenzoar) and this companionship contributes to his fund of medicine knowledge and successes.Ibn-i Rüşd
As from 1169, he had been around the palace and he had started to work as Sevilla kadi and then Cordoba kadi in 1171. He was taken responsibility to correct Arabic translation of Aristo's writings and to translate new texts. Between 1195 and 1198 he was sent to Lucenna as exile. After his death, his prestige was given him back.
Averroes who followed Avicenna and Alpharabius was the last delegate of Meşaiyyun movement.
In 11th century, Avicenna had been the sleekest commentator and presentator of Aristo's philosophy in East region of Islamic World. However, after a century philosophy had lost favour because of Algazelus's severe criticism in world of Islam. Then at the end of the 12nd century, Aristotelianism and philosophy (this time by purifying from Platonism) had found its supporter in Andalusia. As a matter of fact, Averroes had been known with his glosses which he wrote for Aristoteles's basic books and revealing that there is no opposition between religion and philosophy but also an integrity. Both of them are actually two different wording and apprehension form of a unique fact.
Averroes always defends that religious problems could be solved and resynthesize under the light of philosophy against to the opinion that assume philosophy is unnecessary and confine interpretaion of Islam is enough to understand that, Hence accordiing to Averroes, religion is metaphoric expression of philosophical truth. Religious faith is another and generally more understandable shape of reason knowledge.
According to Soul Doctrine of Averroes; Averroes brought forward that there is just one universal soul and other souls are its different and various genres. Moreover, this doctrine is made deduction as not only each human soul immortal but also all soul of humanity is immortal.
Writings of Averroes
His most important original philosophical work was The Incoherence of the Incoherence (Tahafut al-tahafut), in which he defended Aristotelian philosophy against al-Ghazali's claims in The Incoherence of the Philosophers (Tahafut al-falasifa).
Averroes wrote his first book his age of 31 and his books were pressed again and again over 20.000 pages including different subjects, early Islamic philosophy, Islam medicine, , mathematics, astronomy, Arabic grammar, , Sharia (Islamic law), Islamic theology and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). He generally gave Works about slamic Philosophy, medicine and Figh. His 28 writings in 80 were about philosophy, 20 of them were about medicine, 8 on law, 5 on theology and 4 on grammar. He also wrote commentaries on Plato’s The Republic.
He wrote also commentaries Aristoteles’s logic, physics and psychology Works. Averroes’s long commentaries contain analysis of Aristo’s;
- Posterior Analytics
- De Anima
- Physics
- De Caelo
- Metaphysics
Major Works of Averroes;The Writings of Averroes are generally depended on huge expressions, interpretations and explanations of Aristo's writings. Therefore, Ibn Rushd was a source of that Aristo phylosophy are known and spreat during Middle Age in the East and West.
The Conflict Between Averroes and Algazel
The most important work of Avicenna was Tahafut al-tahafut (The Incoherence of the Incoherence). Moreover This work appears a conflict between Averroes and al-Ghazali. Averroes wrote this original work against Algazel's The Incoherence of the Philosophers. Thetopic of this conflict is Creating of Creator.
Averroes’s main criticism of Algazel is that Algazel couldn’t examine Islam phylosophers and censures with prejudice. Also the main criticism of Averroes towards Islam Philosophers is that although they couldn’t understand Aristoteles well, they claim that they are Aristotelian. According to Averroes, in case Aristo was understood well. Actually it is seem that his opinions about theology did not contradicted with Qur-ans.
Whereas according to Averroes, Alpharabius and Avicenna had nod understood and analysed Aristoteles better and they falsified Aristo’s opinions in order to connote there is a suitability between his and Qur’an’s opinions.
Eternity
Islam Philosophers always acted sensitively while distinguishing these two terms each other and they had claimed that they did not slip any unreligious area via using “eternal” term for God. Furthermore, Averroes was with them in this case because as they said that God is an eternal existance naturally. In short, this eternity intellection is not like Ateists’ one. All of Alagazel’s critics are injudicious.
References:
Prepared By İrem Aycı